The consonants not listed below (b, f, m, n, v) are pronounced as in English. The approximate English equivalents are as follows:

c before a, o, and u is like the English k.

Italian	English
casa	house
fico	fig
con	with
Colesseo	Colosseum
capo	head
Cupido	Cupid
cane	dog
camera	camera
caffè	coffee
culla	cradle

c before e or i is like the English sound ch in chest.

Italian	English
cena	supper
voce	voice
cibo	food
concerto	concert
aceto	vinegar
cinema	cinema
cipolla	onion
facile	easy

ch (found only before e or i) is like the English k.

Italian	English
che	that
chimica	chemistry
perché	because
fichi	figs
chilo	kilo
chi	who
chiuso	closed
anche	also

d is somewhat more explosive than in English, with the tongue near the tip of the upper teeth but with no aspiration.

Italian	English
di	of
data	date
dove	where
due	two
denaro	money
dodici	twelve
donna	woman
lunedì	Monday
moda	fashion
undici	eleven

g before a, o, and u is as in the English word go.

Italian	English
gala	gala
albergo	hotel
gondola	gondola
gamba	leg
gusto	taste
fungo	mushroom
gonna	skirt
gomma	eraser
lungo	long
guanti	gloves
guidare	to drive
lingua	tongue

g before e or i is like the g in gem.

Italian	English
gelato	ice cream
angelo	angel
pagina	page
gente	people
gesso	chalk
gentile	kind
gita	outing
gennaio	January

gh (found only before e or i) is like the g in go.

Italian	English
ghetto	ghetto
funghe	escapes
laghi	lakes
maghi	magicians

gli is approximately like ll in million.

Italian	English
egli	he
meglio	better
figli	sons
famiglia	family
mogli	wives
aglio	garlic
fogli	sheets (of paper)
bottiglia	bottle

gn is approximately like ny in canyon.

Italian	English
signora	lady
lavagna	blackboard
signore	gentleman
bagno	bath
signorina	young lady
sogno	dream
lasagne	lasagna
spugna	sponge

h is silent.

Italian	English
ho	I have
hotel	hotel
ha	has
ahi!	ouch!
hanno	they have

l is as in English, but sharper and more forward in the mouth.

Italian	English
olio	oil
lingua	language
sale	salt
lungo	long
melone	melon
luna	moon
scuola	school
light	light

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